A clear fluid called the Aqueous humor circulates continuously within the eye. Produced behind the iris, it flows forwards through the pupil and drains out of the eye through a meshwork of drainage channels. The amount of fluid produced inside the eye, balances the amount of fluid that flows out of the eye thereby keeping pressure within the safe range.

Glaucoma(Kala-Motia) is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, often due to increased pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure or IOP). Over time, this damage can lead to vision loss or blindness if not treated.

Glaucoma is now understood to be a condition with compromised blood flow (perfusion) to the eye and its nerve, where eye pressure is an important but not the only variable.

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, but with early diagnosis and proper management, its progression can be slowed or halted.

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"At Mahajan Eye Centre, we offer comprehensive glaucoma care, from early detection to advanced treatment options, ensuring the best outcomes for our patients."

Glaucoma typically develops without any noticeable symptoms in the early stages, making it difficult for patients to realize they have the condition. By the time symptoms like blurred vision or peripheral vision loss occur, significant damage may have already been done to the optic nerve.

Glaucoma is called “The Silent Thief Of Sight” as the disease may damage 80% of the optic nerve (nerve of sight) before a person realizes the effect on vision. A person with Chronic Glaucoma is usually unaware of the disease. On the other hand, Acute Glaucoma, in which the pressure rises rapidly, causes severe symptoms that force the patient to consult a doctor.

Some symptoms which may be suggestive of Glaucoma are:

  • Poor night vision.
  • Appreciation of a blind area or missing areas in field of vision.
  • Headaches during dusk, dawn or dim light.
  • Pain in the eyes, particularly when associated with smoky vision.
  • Halos around light.
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"Glaucoma is more dreaded than cataract because the loss of vision due to it cannot be reversed as opposed to the vision loss in cataract which is easily restored by surgery. Cataract and Glaucoma can also occur simultaneously in the same eye."


  • Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: The most common form, where fluid drains too slowly from the eye, increasing intraocular pressure.In open-angle glaucoma, the drainage angle of the eye is open on Gonioscopy Test. The eye aqueous fluid drainage canals are not functional further down. Most people have no symptoms and no early warning signs.
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  • Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A less common but more acute form where the drainage angle between the iris and cornea becomes blocked.In this type of glaucoma the angle of entrance to the drainage canals is very narrow or closed on Gonioscopy Test.
    In initial stages the angle may open and close intermittently and the IOP, eye pressure rise frequently occurs in episodes (Intermittent ACG) which later becomes permanent as the angle closes completely . This type of glaucoma is quite common in North India.
    The more common notion that 'Kala Motia' is accompanied by pain is at times seen in the “Acute” variety of this variant. This type of glaucoma is more common in people needing plus numbered glasses for distance also (hypermetropia). It is also frequently symptomless in initial stages.
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  • Normal-Tension Glaucoma: Damage to the optic nerve occurs even though intraocular pressure remains within the normal range.
  • Secondary Glaucoma: Can be due to many reasons some of which are:-

    • Prolonged use of steroids (prednisolone / cortisone etc.) used as eye drops or at times as tablets or skin creams
    • Injury or bleeding inside the eye,
    • Uveitis (Eye Inflammation)
    • A severe form, called neovascular glaucoma, is linked to diabetes and retinal vascular occlusions (BRVO, CRVO)

Suggested High Risk Glaucoma Screening

  • People with high intra-ocular pressure (IOP)
  • People over the age of 40 years with no previous glaucoma(At least once every 1 to 2 years) especially in case there is frequent change of reading glasses
  • Family history of Glaucoma
  • People having high minus numbers or those having plus numbered glasses for distance.
  • Other high risk factors like Diabetes, Injury to eye, Following any major eye surgery, Prolonged steroid use etc. need more frequent screening

Regular and complete eye exams is the key for early detection of glaucoma to protect vision from damage caused by glaucoma. During a complete work up for Glaucoma, we recommend to measure the Intraocular Pressure (Tonometry), the central corneal thickness (Pachymetry), inspect the drainage angle of the eye (Gonioscopy), evaluate for optic nerve head damage (Ophthalmoscopy/ Fundus Photography), test the visual field of each eye (Perimetry), and evaluate for retinal nerve fibre layer (OCT).

"Early detection is key to preventing vision loss from glaucoma. At Mahajan Eye Centre, we use state-of-the-art diagnostic tools to detect glaucoma at its earliest stages and monitor its progression over time."


1. Tonometry / Intra-Ocular Pressure (IOP) Test

Refers to measurement of the fluid pressure inside the eye by various types of tonometers (measuring devices) like Schiotz (metallic scale type) or Goldmann Applanation (prism with blue light) or the Computerized Non Contact (NCT) type which measure pressure with a gentle puff of air without actually touching the eye.

Range Of Normal Pressure:

Average Intra-Ocular Pressure (IOP) in adults is 16mmHg. The range varies from 9mmHg to 21mmHg. If the pressure is consistently above 21mmHg, the chances of eye damage are probably around ten percent. When the pressure is above 26 mmHg, the likelihood increases to about fifty percent. If the IOP persists above 30 mmHg, the damage will definitely occur.

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2. Gonioscopy Test

Gonioscopy test is used to observe the anterior chamber angle or the drainage points of the eye. It is done to detect whether anterior chamber angle is open or narrow. Once the surface of the eye has been numbed with eye drops, eye specialist will place a special contact lens on your eye. This lens will allow eye specialist to see the eye’s drainage system and check if the angle where the iris meets the cornea is open or closed.

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3. Pachymetry Test

Pachymetry is a simple , quick and painless test for measuring the central corneal thickness (CCT) which helps in determining the accuracy of IOP measurementsand to calculate individual Corrected IOP. Corneal thickness is critical because it can change an accurate reading of eye pressure (Actual IOP may be underestimated in patients with thinner CCT and overestimated in patients with thicker CCT) causing doctors to treat you for a condition that may not really exist (ocular hypertension) or to under treat you and risk increases glaucoma damage (Low Tension Glaucoma).

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4. Ophthalmoscopy or Fundus Photography Test

It helps the doctor look at the shape and color of the optic nerve to check for the Cupping or atrophy (damage) of the Optic Nerve ( due to high pressure inside the eye). High-resolution images of the back of the eye are captured to monitor changes in the optic nerve and surrounding retinal structures.

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5. Visual Field Analysis/ Testing (Automated Perimetry)

This test measures peripheral vision, which is often affected first in glaucoma. It helps detect any early signs of vision loss that may go unnoticed by the patient.Visual Field / Perimetry test also helps to confirm the response to treatment or to diagnose progression of glaucoma.

Automated Perimetry is a procedure where the patient wears a patch over one eye and looks straight ahead at a fixation point inside a white bowl shaped equipment. At the same time, the computer presents lights in variable intensity and variable locations inside the bowl. The patient presses a button each time he or she sees the light, which is why perimetry can provide a map of the visual fields. The type of vision loss associated with glaucoma is relatively specific, and perimetry can detect the typical visual-field defects of glaucoma . This test can also pick up vision problems due to various other nerve or neurological (brain) disorders also.

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6. Retinal Nerve Fibre Analysis / Spectral OCT-RNFL Test

The slow death of nerve fibers is the earliest damage to occur in Glaucoma. This nerve fiber layer damage is picked by an instrument called OCT. OCT provides detailed cross-sectional images of the optic nerve and retinal nerve fiber layer, allowing us to assess any thinning or damage due to glaucoma.This test is especially suitable for patients who may be considered to be glaucoma suspect and also to indicate if a person’s glaucoma is progressively becoming worse or is stable.

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There is no cure for glaucoma, but its progression can be slowed with proper treatment. The goal of glaucoma treatment in pitampura delhi is to reduce intraocular pressure to a safe level, preventing further damage to the optic nerve. Treatment options vary based on the severity of the condition.


1. Eye Drops:

Medicated eye drops are often the first line of treatment for glaucoma. These drops work by either reducing the production of fluid in the eye or improving the drainage of fluid, thereby lowering intraocular pressure.

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2. Laser Treatment Options:

  • Laser Iridotomy: This procedure is used to treat angle-closure glaucoma. A small hole is created in the iris using a laser, allowing fluid to flow more freely, reducing pressure buildup in the eye.
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  • Laser Trabeculoplasty: This treatment is for patients with open-angle glaucoma. A laser is applied to the drainage angle of the eye to improve fluid outflow, lowering eye pressure.
  • Cyclophotocoagulation (CPC): This procedure targets the ciliary body, which produces the fluid in the eye. By applying laser energy to this area, fluid production is reduced, leading to lower intraocular pressure. At Mahajan Eye Centre, we also offer the more advanced Micropulse Laser Cyclophotocoagulation, which delivers laser energy in a more controlled manner, reducing the risk of complications and preserving surrounding tissues.

3. Surgical Treatment Options

For patients whose glaucoma cannot be controlled with medication or laser therapy, surgery may be necessary to prevent further optic nerve damage. At Mahajan Eye Centre, we specialize in both traditional and minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries.

  • Micro-Incision Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS): MIGS involves using small incisions and devices to lower intraocular pressure. At Mahajan Eye Centre, we are one of the first in the region to offer Kahook Dual Blade (KDB Glide) Incisional Goniotomy, an advanced MIGS technique. The KDB Glide device allows for a precise removal of a small portion of the trabecular meshwork (the eye’s drainage system), improving fluid outflow and reducing eye pressure with minimal risk to the patient.
  • Glaucoma Stents: Tiny stents are implanted in the drainage angle of the eye to help fluid drain more efficiently. These stents are often used in combination with cataract surgery.
  • Traditional Glaucoma Surgery (Trabeculectomy): This procedure creates a new drainage channel for fluid to exit the eye, helping reduce intraocular pressure.

Why Mahajan Eye Centre?

Expertise and Experience

Our doctors are trained in the best institutions coupled with their vast experience and advanced facilities they are likely to manage glaucoma earlier and better.

Advanced Technology

Our investment in latest technology (Zeiss Humphrey Visual Fields, Zeiss Cirrus OCT etc.) enables us to provide for early diagnosis and comprehensive monitoring.

Personalized Care

We personalise every aspect of your glaucoma management including Target IOP calculation, proper counseling, regular monitoring etc.

Comprehensive Post-Op Care

Our team will guide you through a smooth recovery process, ensuring that any post-surgery issues are promptly addressed.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that cause damage to the optic nerve, often due to increased eye pressure. It’s called the "silent thief of sight" because it usually progresses without noticeable symptoms until significant vision loss has occurred.
Individuals over 40, those with a family history of glaucoma, people with diabetes, and those with high intraocular pressure or other eye conditions are at higher risk. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection.
Glaucoma is diagnosed using several tests, including tonometry (measuring eye pressure), visual field tests (checking peripheral vision), and OCT scans to assess the optic nerve and retina. Your eye specialist will use these tests to detect and monitor glaucoma.
Currently, there is no cure for glaucoma. However, with early diagnosis and treatment, the progression of the disease can be slowed, and further vision loss can often be prevented.
Treatment options include eye drops, laser treatments like iridotomy, laser trabeculoplasty, and cyclophotocoagulation (including micropulse laser). For some, surgery such as minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) or traditional surgery may be necessary to lower eye pressure.
If you’re at higher risk or over the age of 40, it’s recommended to have a comprehensive eye exam every 1-2 years. Your eye care provider may recommend more frequent exams if you have other risk factors or an existing glaucoma diagnosis.
If untreated, glaucoma can lead to progressive vision loss, starting with peripheral (side) vision and potentially resulting in total blindness. Early treatment is essential to prevent irreversible damage.
Yes, but avoid activities that significantly increase eye pressure, like heavy weightlifting. Regular exercise, especially aerobic activities, may even help reduce eye pressure. Always consult your eye doctor for personalized advice.
Glaucoma can develop in one eye initially, but it often affects both eyes over time. Regular monitoring of both eyes is necessary, even if only one eye shows signs of the disease.
Not all patients with glaucoma need surgery. Surgery may be recommended if eye drops and laser treatments are ineffective in controlling eye pressure. MIGS and other advanced surgical options are available and can help manage glaucoma more effectively for some patients.
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